I sometimes look at today’s farms in Rockingham County,
Virginia and wonder why early immigrants would come here. It’s mountainous.
It’s rocky. The soil has a lot of clay. It looks like too much work to overcome
for farming. Yet come they did when agents and advertising in colonial
Pennsylvania lured German immigrants to Virginia where similar land was much
cheaper.
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| View of Shenandoah Valley from Skyline Drive |
In 1751 a representative of the Armentrout family made a
trip to the valley of Virginia to check out the claims. He was so impressed
with the limestone outcroppings that he entered into a provisional contract to
purchase. He then returned to Pennsylvania with glowing reports that Virginia
looked just like the home they left in Germany.
That story came back to me a couple years ago during our
river cruise along the Danube River from Budapest through the Wachau Valley to
Vilshofen, Germany. As I admired the scenery, I couldn’t help thinking, “Yep,
these mountains really do look just like the ones in Virginia.” They are low
mountains, lush with green trees. They are in sharp contrast to the tall stony,
snow-capped Rocky Mountains of America and the Alps of Europe.
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| View during excursion on Danube River Cruise 2017 |
MEANWHILE BACK IN GERMANY
Virginia is indeed beautiful, so I understand why the
German immigrants wanted to settle here. But why did they leave Germany in the
first place?
Germans had been immigrating to American colonies since
the earliest days. War and plundering of the lower and middle classes alike
went on for years and years. Add religious persecution, and it is easy to see
why my ancestors would have traded one set of hardships for the unknown. Could
it be any worse? While their arrival was decades after William Penn had drawn
Germans to his colony with the promise of religious freedom, it seems likely
that was still a strong motivation.
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| Present-day map of Nassau - red marker shows location of Irmtraut |
The Armentrouts were Protestants of the Reformed Faith
and were called Palatines, as they were residents of the Palatinate, a small
state in the Holy Roman Empire along the Rhine. Today that area is the State of
Nassau, Germany. There is even a small farming village by the name of Irmtraut straddling
National Route 54. Most certainly my ancestors must have lived at least close
by. The first mention of Irmtraut was in 879 when the Germunden Monastery was
established.
The name “Irmtraut” means “Friend of the Valkyries”
suggesting that members of the family served their liege lords in military
service. It is likely, but not proven, that the Armentrouts who arrived in
America descended from this old German family.
THE VOYAGE
Once the Armentrouts made their decision to pick up sticks
and relocate to America, they would have gathered only the possessions they
could carry and traveled down the Rhine to Rotterdam to board the Samuel. The ship
made one stop in Deal, England to load supplies and water. On 26 August 1739, 340
passengers arrived at the port of Philadelphia. Disembarking the next day were
my ancestors: a widow Anna Elizabeth Ermantraudt (age 40) and her 7 children –
Johannes, Anna Elizabeth, Johan Phillip, Johan Friederich, Christopher (or
Christople), Johan Heinrich, and Johan George. All males 16 and older were
required to sign an Oath of Allegiance to England
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| Signatures of the oldest sons and possibly uncle Johannes Ermantraudt Johan Phillip Ermantraudt Johan Friederich Ermantraudt Peter Hain |
NOTE: Ermantraudt is the spelling used most often for
members born before 1800. The Anglicized spelling is used for those born after.
Even then, there are variations.
So where was Anna Elizabeth’s husband? It is not clear
whether he died during the voyage or in Europe. A passenger named Peter Hain
accompanied the Armentrouts on the trip. It is believed he was Anna Elizabeth’s
brother who perhaps had returned to the Palatinate to escort his sister and
family. If they wanted or needed an escort, it is very likely that Anna Elizabeth’s husband had died before the trip
even began.
LIFE IN PENNSYLVANIA
For a time the Armentrouts lived with George and Veronica
Hain until they could get settled and purchase their own land. George was
Peter’s older brother. George had immigrated years earlier as part of the
English project for settling German Protestants from the refugee camps around
London to the Scoharie area of the New York Colony. There the Germans were put
to work for the English Navy. Dissatisfied with conditions, many of the Germans
left and moved into what is now Berks County, Pennsylvania.
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| Present-day Wernersville, PA The oval shows approximately where the Armentrouts lived. The Hains Church was located on land donated by George Hain. |
Probably the Armentrouts were of some means. In less than
10 years, they managed to acquire over 500 acres of some of the best land in
present-day Berks County. Yet, they gave it up to move once again to the valley
of Virginia.
Source:
Armentrout, Russell S. Armentrout Family History 1739-1978
Amy Johnson Crow continues to challenge genealogy
bloggers and non-bloggers alike to think about our ancestors and share a story
or photo about them. The challenge is “52 Ancestors in 52 Weeks.”
Wendy
© 2020, Wendy Mathias. All rights reserved.
